hypercube-abacus

config/custom_config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+n_layer = 24
+n_embd = 1024

nanochat/abacus_encoder.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+class AbacusEncoder(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, input_dim: int, embedding_dim: int):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.input_dim = input_dim
+        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
+
+        # Simple linear layer to encode abacus-like patterns into the embedding space
+        self.encoder_layer = nn.Linear(input_dim, embedding_dim)
+
+    def encode(self, abacus_pattern: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # abacus_pattern is expected to be a tensor of shape (batch_size, input_dim)
+        if abacus_pattern.shape[-1] != self.input_dim:
+            raise ValueError(f"Expected abacus_pattern to have last dimension {self.input_dim}, but got {abacus_pattern.shape[-1]}")
+        return self.encoder_layer(abacus_pattern)
+
+    def decode(self, concept_vector: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Placeholder for decoding functionality
+        raise NotImplementedError("Decoding from concept vector to abacus pattern is not yet implemented.")
+
+    def forward(self, abacus_pattern: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.encode(abacus_pattern)

nanochat/abacus_state_memory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+class AbacusStateMemory(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, max_memory_size: int = 100, abacus_input_dim: int = 64):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.max_memory_size = max_memory_size
+        self.abacus_input_dim = abacus_input_dim
+        self.memory = [] # Stores abacus patterns (tensors)
+
+    def store(self, abacus_pattern: torch.Tensor):
+        if len(self.memory) >= self.max_memory_size:
+            self.memory.pop(0) # Remove the oldest entry
+        self.memory.append(abacus_pattern.detach().cpu()) # Store detached CPU tensor
+
+    def retrieve(self, num_to_retrieve: int = 1) -> list[torch.Tensor]:
+        # Retrieve the most recent abacus patterns
+        return self.memory[-num_to_retrieve:]
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self.memory = []
+
+    def forward(self, abacus_pattern: torch.Tensor):
+        # For now, forward simply stores the pattern. More complex logic can be added later.
+        self.store(abacus_pattern)
+        return abacus_pattern

nanochat/conscious_integration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+from nanochat.abacus_encoder import AbacusEncoder
+
+class ConsciousIntegrationLayer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config, abacus_encoder: AbacusEncoder):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.config = config
+        self.abacus_encoder = abacus_encoder
+
+        # Linear layer to project the integrated state to the vocabulary size
+        self.concept_projection = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.vocab_size)
+
+    def forward(self, id_output: torch.Tensor, ego_output: torch.Tensor, superego_output: torch.Tensor, long_term_memory_embeddings: torch.Tensor, memetic_fitness: torch.Tensor | None, abacus_state: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Ensure all inputs are of the same shape for integration
+        # For simplicity, let's assume they are all (B, T, C) or (B, C)
+        # If they are (B, C), we might need to unsqueeze for sequence dimension if T > 1
+
+        # Example integration: simple summation. More complex mechanisms can be added here.
+        # The goal is to synthesize these into a unified conceptual state.
+        synthesized_state = id_output + ego_output + superego_output
+
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Ensure dimensions match for addition. long_term_memory_embeddings might be (B, C)
+            # If synthesized_state is (B, T, C), expand long_term_memory_embeddings
+            if synthesized_state.dim() == 3 and long_term_memory_embeddings.dim() == 2:
+                long_term_memory_embeddings = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, synthesized_state.size(1), -1)
+            synthesized_state = synthesized_state + long_term_memory_embeddings
+
+        if memetic_fitness is not None:
+            # Ensure dimensions match for addition
+            if synthesized_state.dim() == 3 and memetic_fitness.dim() == 2:
+                memetic_fitness = memetic_fitness.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, synthesized_state.size(1), -1)
+            synthesized_state = synthesized_state + memetic_fitness
+
+        # Abacus Encoder for logical consistency
+        # The abacus_state is already an encoded representation, so we might use it to gate or modulate
+        # the synthesized_state, or simply include it in the synthesis.
+        # For now, let's add it, assuming it's compatible.
+        if synthesized_state.dim() == 3 and abacus_state.dim() == 2:
+            abacus_state = abacus_state.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, synthesized_state.size(1), -1)
+        synthesized_state = synthesized_state + abacus_state
+
+        # Project the synthesized state to the vocabulary size
+        concept_logits_from_synthesis = self.concept_projection(synthesized_state)
+
+        return concept_logits_from_synthesis

nanochat/engine.py

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ Notes:
 The whole thing is made as efficient as possible.
 """
 
+import math
 import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 import signal
 import warnings
@@ -19,6 +21,15 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager
 from collections import deque
 from nanochat.common import compute_init
 from nanochat.checkpoint_manager import load_model
+from nanochat.gpt import GPT
+from nanochat.kv_cache import KVCache
+from nanochat.hypercube import HypercubeTopology, HypercubeEmbeddingLayer, LongTermMemory # Import HypercubeTopology
+from nanochat.abacus_encoder import AbacusEncoder
+from nanochat.self_model import InternalSelfModel
+from nanochat.abacus_state_memory import AbacusStateMemory
+from nanochat.memetic_learning import MemeticLearningLayer
+from nanochat.conscious_integration import ConsciousIntegrationLayer
+from nanochat.gpt import GPT, PsycheController
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Calculator tool helpers
@@ -151,76 +162,302 @@ class KVCache:
             self.pos = t1
         return key_view, value_view
 
+    def retrieve_episode(self, start_pos, end_pos):
+        """
+        Retrieves a slice of the KV cache representing an 'episode' or a specific attention span.
+        """
+        assert self.kv_cache is not None, "KV cache is empty, cannot retrieve episode."
+        assert start_pos >= 0 and end_pos <= self.pos, "Invalid start or end position for episode retrieval."
+        assert start_pos < end_pos, "Start position must be less than end position."
+
+        # Return a view of the relevant part of the cache
+        # kv_cache shape: (num_layers, 2, batch_size, num_heads, seq_len, head_dim)
+        # We want to retrieve for all layers, and both k and v
+        episode_k = self.kv_cache[:, 0, :, :, start_pos:end_pos, :]
+        episode_v = self.kv_cache[:, 1, :, :, start_pos:end_pos, :]
+        return episode_k, episode_v
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @torch.inference_mode()
-def sample_next_token(logits, rng, temperature=1.0, top_k=None):
+def sample_from_logits(logits, rng, temperature, top_k):
-    """Sample a single next token from given logits of shape (B, vocab_size). Returns (B, 1)."""
+    """Sample a single next concept ID from given logits of shape (B, num_concept_ids). Returns (B, 1)."""
     assert temperature >= 0.0, "temperature must be non-negative"
     if temperature == 0.0:
         return torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1, keepdim=True)
+
     if top_k is not None:
-        k = min(top_k, logits.size(-1))
+        v, _ = torch.topk(logits, min(top_k, logits.size(-1)))
-        vals, idx = torch.topk(logits, k, dim=-1)
+        logits[logits < v[:, [-1]]] = -float('Inf')
-        vals = vals / temperature
-        probs = F.softmax(vals, dim=-1)
-        choice = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1, generator=rng)
-        return idx.gather(1, choice)
-    else:
-        logits = logits / temperature
-        probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
-        return torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1, generator=rng)
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    logits = logits / temperature
+    probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
+    idx_next = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1, generator=rng)
+    return idx_next
 
-class RowState:
-    # Per-row state tracking during generation
-    def __init__(self, current_tokens=None):
-        self.current_tokens = current_tokens or [] # Current token sequence for this row
-        self.forced_tokens = deque() # Queue of tokens to force inject
-        self.in_python_block = False # Whether we are inside a python block
-        self.python_expr_tokens = [] # Tokens of the current python expression
-        self.completed = False # Whether this row has completed generation
 
 class Engine:
 
-    def __init__(self, model, tokenizer):
+    def __init__(self, config: GPTConfig):
-        self.model = model
+        self.config = config
-        self.tokenizer = tokenizer # needed for tool use
+        self.model = GPT(config)
+        self.model.eval()
+        self.model.init_weights()
 
-    @torch.inference_mode()
+        # Initialize HypercubeEmbeddingLayer
-    def generate(self, tokens, num_samples=1, max_tokens=None, temperature=1.0, top_k=None, seed=42):
+        self.concept_embedding_layer = HypercubeEmbeddingLayer(
-        """Same as generate, but does single prefill and then clones the KV cache."""
+            num_raw_concepts=config.num_concept_ids,
-        assert isinstance(tokens, list) and isinstance(tokens[0], int), "expecting list of ints"
+            embedding_dim=config.n_embd,
-        device = self.model.get_device()
+            hypercube_topology=self.hypercube_topology
-        rng = torch.Generator(device=device)
+        )
-        rng.manual_seed(seed)
 
-        # Get the special tokens we need to coordinate the tool use state machine
+        # Initialize AbacusEncoder
-        get_special = lambda s: self.tokenizer.encode_special(s)
+        self.abacus_encoder = AbacusEncoder(
-        python_start = get_special("<|python_start|>")
+            input_dim=config.abacus_input_dim,
-        python_end = get_special("<|python_end|>")
+            embedding_dim=config.n_embd
-        output_start = get_special("<|output_start|>")
+        )
-        output_end = get_special("<|output_end|>")
+        nn.init.normal_(self.concept_embedding_layer.weight, mean=0.0, std=1.0)
-        assistant_end = get_special("<|assistant_end|>") # if sampled, ends row
-        bos = self.tokenizer.get_bos_token_id() # if sampled, ends row
 
-        # 1) Run a batch 1 prefill of the prompt tokens
+        # Initialize HypercubeTopology
+        n_hypercube_dim = int(math.log2(config.num_concept_ids))
+        if not (2**n_hypercube_dim == config.num_concept_ids):
+            raise ValueError("config.num_concept_ids must be a power of 2 for hypercube topology.")
+        self.hypercube_topology = HypercubeTopology(n_hypercube_dim)
+
+        # Initialize LongTermMemory
+        self.long_term_memory = LongTermMemory(
+            embedding_dim=config.n_embd,
+            max_memory_size=1000, # Default max memory size
+            top_k_retrieval=5     # Default top-k retrieval
+        )
+
+        # Initialize InternalSelfModel
+        self.internal_self_model = InternalSelfModel(
+            embedding_dim=config.n_embd,
+            num_concepts=config.num_concept_ids
+        )
+
+        # Initialize AbacusStateMemory
+        self.abacus_state_memory = AbacusStateMemory(
+            max_memory_size=100, # Default max memory size
+            abacus_input_dim=config.abacus_input_dim
+        )
+
+        # Initialize MemeticLearningLayer
+        self.memetic_learning_layer = MemeticLearningLayer(
+            config=config,
+            abacus_encoder=self.abacus_encoder,
+            internal_self_model=self.internal_self_model
+        )
+
+        # Initialize PsycheController
+        self.psyche_controller = PsycheController(
+            config=config
+        )
+
+        # Initialize ConsciousIntegrationLayer
+        self.conscious_integration_layer = ConsciousIntegrationLayer(
+            config=config,
+            abacus_encoder=self.abacus_encoder
+        )
+
+        self._concept_encoder_placeholder = None # This will be set later
+        self._concept_attention_fusion_placeholder = nn.Linear(config.n_embd * 2, config.n_embd)
+
+        # Placeholder for concept encoder
+        self.concept_encoder = self._concept_encoder_placeholder
+
+    def _concept_encoder_placeholder(self, concept_list: list[int] | dict) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """
+        Placeholder for a more sophisticated concept encoder.
+        For now, it assumes concept_list directly contains integer concept IDs or a dict with 'abacus_pattern'.
+        """
+        if isinstance(concept_list, dict) and "abacus_pattern" in concept_list:
+            # If an abacus pattern is provided, encode it using the AbacusEncoder
+            abacus_pattern = concept_list["abacus_pattern"]
+            # Ensure abacus_pattern is a tensor and has the correct shape
+            if not isinstance(abacus_pattern, torch.Tensor):
+                abacus_pattern = torch.tensor(abacus_pattern, dtype=torch.float32)
+            # Add batch dimension if missing
+            if abacus_pattern.dim() == 1:
+                abacus_pattern = abacus_pattern.unsqueeze(0)
+            return self.abacus_encoder(abacus_pattern)
+        elif isinstance(concept_list, list):
+            # Otherwise, assume it's a list of integer concept IDs
+            return torch.tensor(concept_list, dtype=torch.long, device=self.gpt.get_device())
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("concept_list must be a list of integers or a dict with 'abacus_pattern'.")
+
+    def _concept_memory_retrieve_placeholder(self, current_embedding: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Placeholder for concept memory retrieval logic
+        # This would typically involve searching a memory bank for relevant concepts
+        # based on the current_embedding and returning their embeddings.
+        # For now, it returns a zero tensor of appropriate shape.
+        return torch.zeros_like(current_embedding)
+
+    def _concept_attention_fusion_placeholder(self, transformer_output: torch.Tensor, retrieved_concepts: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Placeholder for concept attention fusion logic
+        # This would combine the transformer's output with the retrieved concept embeddings
+        # using some attention mechanism.
+        # For now, it just returns the transformer_output unchanged.
+        return transformer_output
+
+    def sample_from_logits(self, concept_logits: torch.Tensor, temperature: float = 1.0, top_k: int = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Apply temperature
+        if temperature == 0.0:
+            next_concept_id = torch.argmax(concept_logits, dim=-1)
+        else:
+            concept_logits = concept_logits / temperature
+            # Apply top-k filtering
+            if top_k is not None:
+                v, _ = torch.topk(concept_logits, min(top_k, concept_logits.size(-1)))
+                concept_logits[concept_logits < v[:, [-1]]] = -float('Inf')
+            probs = torch.softmax(concept_logits, dim=-1)
+            next_concept_id = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1).squeeze(-1)
+        return next_concept_id
+
+    @torch.no_grad()
+    def generate(self, input_embeddings: torch.Tensor, max_new_concepts: int = 20, temperature: float = 1.0, abacus_embedding: torch.Tensor | None = None, working_memory_window: int = 0) -> list[int]:
+        B, T, C = input_embeddings.size()
+        generated_embeddings = []
+
+        if abacus_embedding is None:
+            abacus_embedding = torch.zeros(B, 1, self.config.abacus_input_dim, device=input_embeddings.device)
+
+        # Long-Term Memory retrieval for prefill
+        prefill_long_term_memory_embeddings = self.long_term_memory.retrieve(input_embeddings[:, -1, :].squeeze(0))
+
+        # Get psyche weights from PsycheController for prefill
+        prefill_psyche_weights = self.psyche_controller(input_embeddings[:, -1, :])
+
+        # Prefill the model with input_embeddings
+        concept_logits, kv_cache, x_id_prefill, x_ego_prefill, x_superego_prefill = self.model.forward_prefill(
+            input_embeddings,
+            abacus_embedding=abacus_embedding,
+            long_term_memory_embeddings=prefill_long_term_memory_embeddings,
+            psyche_weights=prefill_psyche_weights
+        )
+
+        # Conscious Integration Layer for prefill
+        synthesized_state_prefill = self.conscious_integration_layer.forward(
+            id_output=x_id_prefill,
+            ego_output=x_ego_prefill,
+            superego_output=x_superego_prefill,
+            long_term_memory_embeddings=prefill_long_term_memory_embeddings,
+            memetic_fitness=None, # Memetic fitness is not available during prefill
+            abacus_state=abacus_embedding
+        )
+
+        # Combine concept_logits from GPT and synthesized_state_prefill
+        concept_logits = concept_logits + synthesized_state_prefill
+
+        # Sample the first concept ID from the last token's logits
+        next_concept_id = self.sample_from_logits(concept_logits[:, -1, :], temperature)
+        next_embedding = self.concept_embedding_layer(next_concept_id)
+        generated_embeddings.append(next_embedding)
+        self.long_term_memory.store(next_embedding.squeeze(0)) # Store the generated embedding
+
+        # Abacus State Memory and Encoder integration for the first step
+        abacus_pattern = self.abacus_encoder(next_embedding)
+        self.abacus_state_memory.store(abacus_pattern)
+        abacus_embedding = self.abacus_state_memory.retrieve()
+
+        for _ in range(max_new_concepts - 1):
+            # Working Memory retrieval
+            episodic_kv = None
+            if working_memory_window > 0 and kv_cache.get_pos() > working_memory_window:
+                start_pos = kv_cache.get_pos() - working_memory_window
+                end_pos = kv_cache.get_pos()
+                episodic_kv = kv_cache.retrieve_episode(start_pos, end_pos)
+
+            # Long-Term Memory retrieval
+            long_term_memory_embeddings = self.long_term_memory.retrieve(next_embedding.squeeze(0))
+
+            # Get psyche weights from PsycheController
+            psyche_weights = self.psyche_controller(next_embedding)
+
+            concept_logits, kv_cache, x_id_step, x_ego_step, x_superego_step = self.model.forward_step(
+                next_embedding,
+                kv_cache,
+                abacus_embedding=abacus_embedding,
+                episodic_kv=episodic_kv,
+                long_term_memory_embeddings=long_term_memory_embeddings,
+                psyche_weights=psyche_weights
+            )
+
+            # Memetic Learning Layer integration
+            memetic_fitness = self.memetic_learning_layer.forward(next_embedding, abacus_pattern)
+
+            # Conscious Integration Layer for step
+            synthesized_state_step = self.conscious_integration_layer.forward(
+                id_output=x_id_step,
+                ego_output=x_ego_step,
+                superego_output=x_superego_step,
+                long_term_memory_embeddings=long_term_memory_embeddings,
+                memetic_fitness=memetic_fitness,
+                abacus_state=abacus_embedding
+            )
+
+            # Combine concept_logits from GPT and synthesized_state_step
+            concept_logits = concept_logits + synthesized_state_step.squeeze(1) # Squeeze to match dimensions
+
+            next_concept_id = self.sample_from_logits(concept_logits, temperature)
+            next_embedding = self.concept_embedding_layer(next_concept_id)
+            generated_embeddings.append(next_embedding)
+            self.long_term_memory.store(next_embedding.squeeze(0)) # Store the generated embedding
+
+            # Abacus State Memory and Encoder integration for subsequent steps
+            abacus_pattern = self.abacus_encoder(next_embedding)
+            self.abacus_state_memory.store(abacus_pattern)
+            abacus_embedding = self.abacus_state_memory.retrieve() # Update abacus_embedding for the next step
+
+            # Memetic Learning Layer integration
+            memetic_fitness = self.memetic_learning_layer.forward(next_embedding, abacus_pattern)
+
+        return torch.stack(generated_embeddings, dim=1)
+
+    def generate_from_concepts(self, concept_list: list[int] | dict, max_new_concepts: int = 20, temperature: float = 1.0) -> list[int]:
+        # Encode the concept_list into initial input embeddings
+        encoded_concepts = self.concept_encoder(concept_list)
+
+        if encoded_concepts.dtype == torch.long:
+            # If it's concept IDs, get embeddings from the concept_embedding_layer
+            input_embeddings = self.concept_embedding_layer(encoded_concepts)
+            abacus_embedding = None # No abacus embedding in this case
+        elif encoded_concepts.dtype == torch.float:
+            # If it's an abacus embedding, use it directly and set abacus_embedding
+            input_embeddings = encoded_concepts
+            abacus_embedding = encoded_concepts # The abacus embedding is the input embedding itself
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("Unexpected return type from concept_encoder.")
+
+        # Call the main generate method
+        return self.generate(input_embeddings, max_new_concepts, temperature, abacus_embedding=abacus_embedding)
+
+
+        # Special tokens are no longer directly used with concept embeddings.
+        # The tool use logic will need to be re-evaluated or removed if not applicable.
+        # get_special = lambda s: self.tokenizer.encode_special(s)
+        # python_start = get_special("<|python_start|>")
+        # python_end = get_special("<|python_end|>")
+        # output_start = get_special("<|output_start|>")
+        # output_end = get_special("<|output_end|>")
+        # assistant_end = get_special("<|assistant_end|>") # if sampled, ends row
+        # bos = self.tokenizer.get_bos_token_id() # if sampled, ends row
+
+        # 1) Run a batch 1 prefill of the prompt embeddings
         m = self.model.config
         kv_model_kwargs = {"num_heads": m.n_kv_head, "head_dim": m.n_embd // m.n_head, "num_layers": m.n_layer}
         kv_cache_prefill = KVCache(
-            batch_size=1,
+            batch_size=input_embeddings.size(0),
-            seq_len=len(tokens),
+            seq_len=input_embeddings.size(1),
             **kv_model_kwargs,
         )
-        ids = torch.tensor([tokens], dtype=torch.long, device=device)
+        logits = self.model.forward(input_embeddings, kv_cache=kv_cache_prefill)
-        logits = self.model.forward(ids, kv_cache=kv_cache_prefill)
+        # Removed token-based sampling logic (replace with embedding generation logic later)
-        logits = logits[:, -1, :]
-        next_ids = sample_next_token(logits, rng, temperature, top_k)  # (B, 1)
-        sampled_tokens = next_ids[:, 0].tolist()
 
         # 2) Replicate the KV cache for each sample/row
-        kv_length_hint = (len(tokens) + max_tokens) if max_tokens is not None else self.model.config.sequence_len
+        kv_length_hint = (input_embeddings.size(1) + max_tokens) if max_tokens is not None else self.model.config.sequence_len
         kv_cache_decode = KVCache(
             batch_size=num_samples,
             seq_len=kv_length_hint,
@@ -230,7 +467,7 @@ class Engine:
         del kv_cache_prefill # no need to keep this memory around
 
         # 3) Initialize states for each sample
-        row_states = [RowState(tokens.copy()) for _ in range(num_samples)]
+        row_states = [RowState(input_embeddings[i].tolist()) for i in range(num_samples)] # Assuming input_embeddings is (B, T, C)
 
         # 4) Main generation loop
         num_generated = 0

nanochat/gpt.py

@@ -25,13 +25,124 @@ from nanochat.adamw import DistAdamW
 
 @dataclass
 class GPTConfig:
-    sequence_len: int = 1024
+    def __init__(self,
-    vocab_size: int = 50304
+                 n_layer=12,
-    n_layer: int = 12
+                 n_head=12,
-    n_head: int = 6 # number of query heads
+                 n_embd=768,
-    n_kv_head: int = 6 # number of key/value heads (MQA)
+                 sequence_len=1024,
-    n_embd: int = 768
+                 n_kv_head=None,
-
+                 num_concept_ids=4096, # Updated to 4096 for n=12 hypercube
+                 abacus_input_dim=64, # Default input dimension for the AbacusEncoder
+                 dropout=0.0,
+                 bias=False,
+                 multiple_of=256,
+                 norm_eps=1e-5,
+                 rope_theta=10000,
+                 
+                 # For training
+                 batch_size=1,
+                 gradient_accumulation_steps=1,
+                 max_iters=0,
+                 lr=6e-4,
+                 min_lr=6e-5,
+                 weight_decay=1e-1,
+                 beta1=0.9,
+                 beta2=0.95,
+                 grad_clip=1.0,
+                 decay_lr=True,
+                 warmup_iters=2000,
+                 lr_decay_iters=600000,
+                 
+                 # For checkpointing
+                 out_dir='out',
+                 eval_interval=2000,
+                 log_interval=1,
+                 eval_iters=200,
+                 eval_only=False,
+                 always_save_checkpoint=True,
+                 
+                 # For distributed training
+                 backend='nccl',
+                 
+                 # For system
+                 device='cpu',
+                 dtype='bfloat16',
+                 compile=False,
+                 
+                 # For data
+                 dataset='openwebtext',
+                 
+                 # For inference
+                 init_from='scratch',
+                 
+                 # For chat
+                 chat=False,
+                 
+                 # For concept
+                 concept_memory_size=1000,
+                 concept_memory_top_k=5,
+                 use_concept_attention=False,
+                 
+                 # For psyche
+                 psyche_id_lr_scale=1.0,
+                 psyche_ego_lr_scale=1.0,
+                 psyche_superego_lr_scale=1.0,
+                 
+                 **kwargs):
+        self.n_layer = n_layer
+        self.n_head = n_head
+        self.n_embd = n_embd
+        self.sequence_len = sequence_len
+        self.n_kv_head = n_kv_head if n_kv_head is not None else n_head
+        self.num_concept_ids = num_concept_ids
+        self.dropout = dropout
+        self.bias = bias
+        self.multiple_of = multiple_of
+        self.norm_eps = norm_eps
+        self.rope_theta = rope_theta
+        
+        self.batch_size = batch_size
+        self.gradient_accumulation_steps = gradient_accumulation_steps
+        self.max_iters = max_iters
+        self.lr = lr
+        self.min_lr = min_lr
+        self.weight_decay = weight_decay
+        self.beta1 = beta1
+        self.beta2 = beta2
+        self.grad_clip = grad_clip
+        self.decay_lr = decay_lr
+        self.warmup_iters = warmup_iters
+        self.lr_decay_iters = lr_decay_iters
+        
+        self.out_dir = out_dir
+        self.eval_interval = eval_interval
+        self.log_interval = log_interval
+        self.eval_iters = eval_iters
+        self.eval_only = eval_only
+        self.always_save_checkpoint = always_save_checkpoint
+        
+        self.backend = backend
+        
+        self.device = device
+        self.dtype = dtype
+        self.compile = compile
+        
+        self.dataset = dataset
+        
+        self.init_from = init_from
+        
+        self.chat = chat
+        
+        self.concept_memory_size = concept_memory_size
+        self.concept_memory_top_k = concept_memory_top_k
+        self.use_concept_attention = use_concept_attention
+        
+        self.psyche_id_lr_scale = psyche_id_lr_scale
+        self.psyche_ego_lr_scale = psyche_ego_lr_scale
+        self.psyche_superego_lr_scale = psyche_superego_lr_scale
+        
+        for k, v in kwargs.items():
+            setattr(self, k, v)
 
 def norm(x):
     # Purely functional rmsnorm with no learnable params
@@ -63,7 +174,7 @@ class CausalSelfAttention(nn.Module):
         self.c_v = nn.Linear(self.n_embd, self.n_kv_head * self.head_dim, bias=False)
         self.c_proj = nn.Linear(self.n_embd, self.n_embd, bias=False)
 
-    def forward(self, x, cos_sin, kv_cache):
+    def forward(self, x, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None):
         B, T, C = x.size()
 
         # Project the input to get queries, keys, and values
@@ -80,6 +191,14 @@ class CausalSelfAttention(nn.Module):
         # Apply KV cache: insert current k,v into cache, get the full view so far
         if kv_cache is not None:
             k, v = kv_cache.insert_kv(self.layer_idx, k, v)
+
+        # If episodic_kv is provided, prepend it to the current k and v
+        if episodic_kv is not None:
+            episode_k_layer = episodic_kv[self.layer_idx, 0]
+            episode_v_layer = episodic_kv[self.layer_idx, 1]
+            k = torch.cat([episode_k_layer, k], dim=2)
+            v = torch.cat([episode_v_layer, v], dim=2)
+
         Tq = q.size(2) # number of queries in this forward pass
         Tk = k.size(2) # number of keys/values in total (in the cache + current forward pass)
 
@@ -135,15 +254,42 @@ class Block(nn.Module):
         return x
 
 
+class PsycheController(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.controller_head = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, 3) # 3 for id, ego, superego
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        # For now, just return equal weights for each psyche layer
+        # In the future, this will be trained to dynamically blend psyche outputs
+        return torch.softmax(self.controller_head(x), dim=-1)
+
+
 class GPT(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self, config):
         super().__init__()
         self.config = config
         self.transformer = nn.ModuleDict({
-            "wte": nn.Embedding(config.vocab_size, config.n_embd),
             "h": nn.ModuleList([Block(config, layer_idx) for layer_idx in range(config.n_layer)]),
         })
-        self.lm_head = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.vocab_size, bias=False)
+
+        # Partition transformer layers into psyche layers
+        total_layers = config.n_layer
+        id_end = total_layers // 3
+        ego_end = 2 * total_layers // 3
+
+        self.id_layers = self.transformer.h[:id_end]
+        self.ego_layers = self.transformer.h[id_end:ego_end]
+        self.superego_layers = self.transformer.h[ego_end:]
+
+        self.psyche_registry = {
+            "id": self.id_layers,
+            "ego": self.ego_layers,
+            "superego": self.superego_layers
+        }
+
+        self.concept_head = nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.num_concept_ids, bias=False) # New concept head
+        self.psyche_controller = PsycheController(config) # Initialize PsycheController
         # To support meta device initialization, we init the rotary embeddings here, but it's fake
         # As for rotary_seq_len, these rotary embeddings are pretty small/cheap in memory,
         # so let's just over-compute them, but assert fail if we ever reach that amount.
@@ -156,8 +302,8 @@ class GPT(nn.Module):
 
     def init_weights(self):
         self.apply(self._init_weights)
-        # zero out classifier weights
+        # zero out concept_head weights
-        torch.nn.init.zeros_(self.lm_head.weight)
+        torch.nn.init.zeros_(self.concept_head.weight)
         # zero out c_proj weights in all blocks
         for block in self.transformer.h:
             torch.nn.init.zeros_(block.mlp.c_proj.weight)
@@ -166,9 +312,6 @@ class GPT(nn.Module):
         head_dim = self.config.n_embd // self.config.n_head
         cos, sin = self._precompute_rotary_embeddings(self.rotary_seq_len, head_dim)
         self.cos, self.sin = cos, sin
-        # Cast the embeddings from fp32 to bf16: optim can tolerate it and it saves memory: both in the model and the activations
-        if self.transformer.wte.weight.device.type == "cuda":
-            self.transformer.wte.to(dtype=torch.bfloat16)
 
     def _init_weights(self, module):
         if isinstance(module, nn.Linear):
@@ -186,7 +329,7 @@ class GPT(nn.Module):
     def _precompute_rotary_embeddings(self, seq_len, head_dim, base=10000, device=None):
         # autodetect the device from model embeddings
         if device is None:
-            device = self.transformer.wte.weight.device
+            device = self.concept_head.weight.device
         # stride the channels
         channel_range = torch.arange(0, head_dim, 2, dtype=torch.float32, device=device)
         inv_freq = 1.0 / (base ** (channel_range / head_dim))
@@ -200,12 +343,13 @@ class GPT(nn.Module):
         return cos, sin
 
     def get_device(self):
-        return self.transformer.wte.weight.device
+        # Get device from concept_head weight
+        return self.concept_head.weight.device
 
     def estimate_flops(self):
         """ Return the estimated FLOPs per token for the model. Ref: https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02311 """
         nparams = sum(p.numel() for p in self.parameters())
-        nparams_embedding = self.transformer.wte.weight.numel()
+        nparams_embedding = 0 # No separate embedding layer now
         l, h, q, t = self.config.n_layer, self.config.n_head, self.config.n_embd // self.config.n_head, self.config.sequence_len
         num_flops_per_token = 6 * (nparams - nparams_embedding) + 12 * l * h * q * t
         return num_flops_per_token
@@ -213,95 +357,190 @@ class GPT(nn.Module):
     def setup_optimizers(self, unembedding_lr=0.004, embedding_lr=0.2, matrix_lr=0.02, weight_decay=0.0):
         model_dim = self.config.n_embd
         ddp, rank, local_rank, world_size = get_dist_info()
-        # Separate out all parameters into 3 groups (matrix, embedding, lm_head)
+        # Separate out all parameters into 3 groups (matrix, embedding, concept_head)
-        matrix_params = list(self.transformer.h.parameters())
+        # matrix_params = list(self.transformer.h.parameters())
-        embedding_params = list(self.transformer.wte.parameters())
+        id_params = list(self.id_layers.parameters())
-        lm_head_params = list(self.lm_head.parameters())
+        ego_params = list(self.ego_layers.parameters())
-        assert len(list(self.parameters())) == len(matrix_params) + len(embedding_params) + len(lm_head_params)
+        superego_params = list(self.superego_layers.parameters())
-        # Create the AdamW optimizer for the embedding and lm_head
+
+        embedding_params = [] # No separate embedding layer now
+        concept_head_params = list(self.concept_head.parameters()) # New concept head params
+        psyche_controller_params = list(self.psyche_controller.parameters()) # Psyche controller params
+
+        # assert len(list(self.parameters())) == len(matrix_params) + len(embedding_params) + len(concept_head_params)
+        # Create the AdamW optimizer for the embedding and concept_head
         # Scale the LR for the AdamW parameters by ∝1/√dmodel (having tuned the LRs for 768 dim model)
         dmodel_lr_scale = (model_dim / 768) ** -0.5
         if rank == 0:
             print(f"Scaling the LR for the AdamW parameters ∝1/√({model_dim}/768) = {dmodel_lr_scale:.6f}")
         adam_groups = [
-            dict(params=lm_head_params, lr=unembedding_lr * dmodel_lr_scale),
+            dict(params=concept_head_params, lr=unembedding_lr * dmodel_lr_scale), # Use unembedding_lr for concept_head
             dict(params=embedding_params, lr=embedding_lr * dmodel_lr_scale),
+            dict(params=id_params, lr=3e-4 * dmodel_lr_scale), # Id layers learning rate
+            dict(params=ego_params, lr=1e-4 * dmodel_lr_scale), # Ego layers learning rate
+            dict(params=superego_params, lr=5e-5 * dmodel_lr_scale), # Superego layers learning rate
+            dict(params=psyche_controller_params, lr=1e-4 * dmodel_lr_scale), # Psyche controller learning rate
         ]
         adamw_kwargs = dict(betas=(0.8, 0.95), eps=1e-10, weight_decay=weight_decay)
         AdamWFactory = DistAdamW if ddp else partial(torch.optim.AdamW, fused=True)
         adamw_optimizer = AdamWFactory(adam_groups, **adamw_kwargs)
         # Create the Muon optimizer for the linear layers
-        muon_kwargs = dict(lr=matrix_lr, momentum=0.95)
+        # muon_kwargs = dict(lr=matrix_lr, momentum=0.95)
-        MuonFactory = DistMuon if ddp else Muon
+        # MuonFactory = DistMuon if ddp else Muon
-        muon_optimizer = MuonFactory(matrix_params, **muon_kwargs)
+        # muon_optimizer = MuonFactory(matrix_params, **muon_kwargs)
         # Combine them the two optimizers into one list
-        optimizers = [adamw_optimizer, muon_optimizer]
+        optimizers = [adamw_optimizer]
         for opt in optimizers:
             for group in opt.param_groups:
                 group["initial_lr"] = group["lr"]
         return optimizers
 
-    def forward(self, idx, targets=None, kv_cache=None, loss_reduction='mean'):
+    def _run_layers(self, layers, x, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None):
-        B, T = idx.size()
+        for block in layers:
+            x = block(x, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+        return x
+
+    def forward(self, input_embeddings: torch.Tensor, kv_cache=None, abacus_embedding: torch.Tensor | None = None, episodic_kv: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None, long_term_memory_embeddings: torch.Tensor | None = None, psyche_weights: torch.Tensor | None = None):
+        B, T, C = input_embeddings.size()
 
         # Grab the rotary embeddings for the current sequence length (they are of shape (1, seq_len, 1, head_dim))
         assert T <= self.cos.size(1), f"Sequence length grew beyond the rotary embeddings cache: {T} > {self.cos.size(1)}"
-        assert idx.device == self.cos.device, f"Rotary embeddings and idx are on different devices: {idx.device} != {self.cos.device}"
+        cos_sin = self.cos[:, :T, :, :], self.sin[:, :T, :, :]
-        assert self.cos.dtype == torch.bfloat16, "Rotary embeddings must be in bfloat16"
+
-        # if kv cache exists, we need to offset the rotary embeddings to the current position in the cache
+        x = input_embeddings
-        T0 = 0 if kv_cache is None else kv_cache.get_pos()
+
-        cos_sin = self.cos[:, T0:T0+T], self.sin[:, T0:T0+T] # truncate cache to current sequence length
+        # Process Id layers
+        x_id = self._run_layers(self.id_layers, x, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Process Ego layers
+        x_ego = x_id
+        if abacus_embedding is not None:
+            # Broadcast abacus_embedding to match the sequence length of x_ego
+            # Assuming abacus_embedding is (B, C) and x_ego is (B, T, C)
+            abacus_broadcast = abacus_embedding.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_ego.size(1), -1)
+            x_ego = x_ego + abacus_broadcast # Inject abacus_embedding into ego layer
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Broadcast long_term_memory_embeddings to match the sequence length of x_ego
+            # Assuming long_term_memory_embeddings is (B, C) and x_ego is (B, T, C)
+            long_term_memory_broadcast = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_ego.size(1), -1)
+            x_ego = x_ego + long_term_memory_broadcast # Inject long_term_memory_embeddings into ego layer
+        x_ego = self._run_layers(self.ego_layers, x_ego, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Process Superego layers
+        x_superego = x_ego
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Broadcast long_term_memory_embeddings to match the sequence length of x_superego
+            # Assuming long_term_memory_embeddings is (B, C) and x_superego is (B, T, C)
+            long_term_memory_broadcast = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_superego.size(1), -1)
+            x_superego = x_superego + long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_superego.size(1), -1)
+            x_superego = self._run_layers(self.superego_layers, x_superego, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Dynamically blend the outputs based on psyche_weights
+        # Reshape psyche_weights for broadcasting: (B, 1, 3)
+        psyche_weights_reshaped = psyche_weights.unsqueeze(1)
+
+        # Stack the outputs and apply weighted sum
+        # Stack will result in (B, T, 3, C)
+        stacked_outputs = torch.stack([x_id, x_ego, x_superego], dim=2)
+        # Weighted sum: (B, T, 1, C) after sum, then squeeze to (B, T, C)
+        x = (stacked_outputs * psyche_weights_reshaped.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(dim=2)
+
+        # Final concept head
+        return self.concept_head(x), kv_cache, x_id, x_ego, x_superego
+
+    def forward_prefill(self, input_embeddings: torch.Tensor, kv_cache=None, abacus_embedding: torch.Tensor | None = None, episodic_kv: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None, long_term_memory_embeddings: torch.Tensor | None = None, psyche_weights: torch.Tensor | None = None):
+        B, T, C = input_embeddings.size()
+
+        # Grab the rotary embeddings for the current sequence length (they are of shape (1, seq_len, 1, head_dim))
+        assert T <= self.cos.size(1), f"Sequence length grew beyond the rotary embeddings cache: {T} > {self.cos.size(1)}"
+        cos_sin = self.cos[:, :T, :, :], self.sin[:, :T, :, :]
+
+        x = input_embeddings
+
+        # Process Id layers
+        x_id = self._run_layers(self.id_layers, x, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Process Ego layers
+        x_ego = x_id
+        if abacus_embedding is not None:
+            # Broadcast abacus_embedding to match the sequence length of x_ego
+            # Assuming abacus_embedding is (B, C) and x_ego is (B, T, C)
+            abacus_broadcast = abacus_embedding.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_ego.size(1), -1)
+            x_ego = x_ego + abacus_broadcast # Inject abacus_embedding into ego layer
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Broadcast long_term_memory_embeddings to match the sequence length of x_ego
+            # Assuming long_term_memory_embeddings is (B, C) and x_ego is (B, T, C)
+            long_term_memory_broadcast = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_ego.size(1), -1)
+            x_ego = x_ego + long_term_memory_broadcast # Inject long_term_memory_embeddings into ego layer
+        x_ego = self._run_layers(self.ego_layers, x_ego, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Process Superego layers
+        x_superego = x_ego
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Broadcast long_term_memory_embeddings to match the sequence length of x_superego
+            # Assuming long_term_memory_embeddings is (B, C) and x_superego is (B, T, C)
+            long_term_memory_broadcast = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_superego.size(1), -1)
+            x_superego = x_superego + long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_superego.size(1), -1)
+            x_superego = self._run_layers(self.superego_layers, x_superego, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Dynamically blend the outputs based on psyche_weights
+        # Reshape psyche_weights for broadcasting: (B, 1, 3)
+        psyche_weights_reshaped = psyche_weights.unsqueeze(1)
+
+        # Stack the outputs and apply weighted sum
+        # Stack will result in (B, T, 3, C)
+        stacked_outputs = torch.stack([x_id, x_ego, x_superego], dim=2)
+        # Weighted sum: (B, T, 1, C) after sum, then squeeze to (B, T, C)
+        x = (stacked_outputs * psyche_weights_reshaped.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(dim=2)
+
+        # Final concept head
+        return self.concept_head(x), kv_cache, x_id, x_ego, x_superego
+
+    def forward_step(self, next_embedding: torch.Tensor, kv_cache, abacus_embedding: torch.Tensor | None = None, episodic_kv: tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor] | None = None, long_term_memory_embeddings: torch.Tensor | None = None, psyche_weights: torch.Tensor | None = None):
+        B, C = next_embedding.size()
+        T = kv_cache[0].size(1) + 1 # Current sequence length after adding next_embedding
+
+        # Grab the rotary embeddings for the current sequence length (they are of shape (1, seq_len, 1, head_dim))
+        assert T <= self.cos.size(1), f"Sequence length grew beyond the rotary embeddings cache: {T} > {self.cos.size(1)}"
+        cos_sin = self.cos[:, T-1:T, :, :], self.sin[:, T-1:T, :, :]
+
+        x = next_embedding.unsqueeze(1) # Add sequence dimension for consistency
+
+        # Process Id layers
+        x_id = self._run_layers(self.id_layers, x, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Process Ego layers
+        x_ego = x_id
+        if abacus_embedding is not None:
+            # Broadcast abacus_embedding to match the sequence length of x_ego
+            # Assuming abacus_embedding is (B, C) and x_ego is (B, T, C)
+            abacus_broadcast = abacus_embedding.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_ego.size(1), -1)
+            x_ego = x_ego + abacus_broadcast # Inject abacus_embedding into ego layer
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Broadcast long_term_memory_embeddings to match the sequence length of x_ego
+            # Assuming long_term_memory_embeddings is (B, C) and x_ego is (B, T, C)
+            long_term_memory_broadcast = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_ego.size(1), -1)
+            x_ego = x_ego + long_term_memory_broadcast # Inject long_term_memory_embeddings into ego layer
+        x_ego = self._run_layers(self.ego_layers, x_ego, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Process Superego layers
+        x_superego = x_ego
+        if long_term_memory_embeddings is not None:
+            # Broadcast long_term_memory_embeddings to match the sequence length of x_superego
+            # Assuming long_term_memory_embeddings is (B, C) and x_superego is (B, T, C)
+            long_term_memory_broadcast = long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_superego.size(1), -1)
+            x_superego = x_superego + long_term_memory_embeddings.unsqueeze(1).expand(-1, x_superego.size(1), -1)
+            x_superego = self._run_layers(self.superego_layers, x_superego, cos_sin, kv_cache, episodic_kv)
+
+        # Dynamically blend the outputs based on psyche_weights
+        # Reshape psyche_weights for broadcasting: (B, 1, 3)
+        psyche_weights_reshaped = psyche_weights.unsqueeze(1)
+
+        # Stack the outputs and apply weighted sum
+        # Stack will result in (B, T, 3, C)
+        stacked_outputs = torch.stack([x_id, x_ego, x_superego], dim=2)
+        # Weighted sum: (B, T, 1, C) after sum, then squeeze to (B, T, C)
+        x = (stacked_outputs * psyche_weights_reshaped.unsqueeze(-1)).sum(dim=2)
 
-        # Forward the trunk of the Transformer
-        x = self.transformer.wte(idx)
         x = norm(x)
-        for block in self.transformer.h:
+        return self.concept_head(x.squeeze(1)), kv_cache, x_id, x_ego, x_superego
-            x = block(x, cos_sin, kv_cache)
-        x = norm(x)
-
-        # Forward the lm_head (compute logits)
-        softcap = 15
-        if targets is not None:
-            # training mode: compute and return the loss
-            # TODO: experiment with Liger Kernels / chunked cross-entropy etc.
-            logits = self.lm_head(x)
-            logits = softcap * torch.tanh(logits / softcap) # logits softcap
-            logits = logits.float() # use tf32/fp32 for logits
-            loss = F.cross_entropy(logits.view(-1, logits.size(-1)), targets.view(-1), ignore_index=-1, reduction=loss_reduction)
-            return loss
-        else:
-            # inference mode: compute and return the logits
-            logits = self.lm_head(x)
-            logits = softcap * torch.tanh(logits / softcap) # logits softcap
-            return logits
-
-    @torch.inference_mode()
-    def generate(self, tokens, max_tokens, temperature=1.0, top_k=None, seed=42):
-        """
-        Naive autoregressive streaming inference.
-        To make it super simple, let's assume:
-        - batch size is 1
-        - ids and the yielded tokens are simple Python lists and ints
-        """
-        assert isinstance(tokens, list)
-        device = self.get_device()
-        rng = None
-        if temperature > 0:
-            rng = torch.Generator(device=device)
-            rng.manual_seed(seed)
-        ids = torch.tensor([tokens], dtype=torch.long, device=device) # add batch dim
-        for _ in range(max_tokens):
-            logits = self.forward(ids) # (B, T, vocab_size)
-            logits = logits[:, -1, :] # (B, vocab_size)
-            if top_k is not None:
-                v, _ = torch.topk(logits, min(top_k, logits.size(-1)))
-                logits[logits < v[:, [-1]]] = -float('Inf')
-            if temperature > 0:
-                logits = logits / temperature
-                probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
-                next_ids = torch.multinomial(probs, num_samples=1, generator=rng)
-            else:
-                next_ids = torch.argmax(logits, dim=-1, keepdim=True)
-            ids = torch.cat((ids, next_ids), dim=1)
-            token = next_ids.item()
-            yield token

nanochat/hypercube.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+class HypercubeTopology:
+    def __init__(self, n: int):
+        if not (1 <= n <= 16): # Limiting n for practical reasons, can be adjusted
+            raise ValueError("Hypercube dimension 'n' must be between 1 and 16.")
+        self.n = n
+        self.num_vertices = 2**n
+
+    def to_binary(self, vertex_id: int) -> str:
+        if not (0 <= vertex_id < self.num_vertices):
+            raise ValueError(f"Vertex ID {vertex_id} is out of range for a {self.n}-dimensional hypercube.")
+        return format(vertex_id, f'0{self.n}b')
+
+    def from_binary(self, binary_string: str) -> int:
+        if len(binary_string) != self.n:
+            raise ValueError(f"Binary string length must be {self.n} for a {self.n}-dimensional hypercube.")
+        return int(binary_string, 2)
+
+    def get_neighbors(self, vertex_id: int) -> list[int]:
+        if not (0 <= vertex_id < self.num_vertices):
+            raise ValueError(f"Vertex ID {vertex_id} is out of range for a {self.n}-dimensional hypercube.")
+
+        neighbors = []
+        for i in range(self.n):
+            # Flip the i-th bit
+            neighbor_id = vertex_id ^ (1 << i)
+            neighbors.append(neighbor_id)
+        return neighbors
+
+    def get_all_edges(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
+        edges = []
+        for i in range(self.num_vertices):
+            for neighbor in self.get_neighbors(i):
+                # Ensure each edge is added only once (e.g., (0,1) not (1,0))
+                if i < neighbor:
+                    edges.append((i, neighbor))
+        return edges
+
+    def get_random_vertex(self) -> int:
+        return torch.randint(0, self.num_vertices, (1,)).item()
+
+    def get_random_path(self, start_vertex: int, length: int) -> list[int]:
+        if not (0 <= start_vertex < self.num_vertices):
+            raise ValueError(f"Start vertex ID {start_vertex} is out of range.")
+        if length < 1:
+            raise ValueError("Path length must be at least 1.")
+
+        path = [start_vertex]
+        current_vertex = start_vertex
+
+        for _ in range(length - 1):
+            neighbors = self.get_neighbors(current_vertex)
+            if not neighbors:
+                break # Should not happen in a hypercube unless n=0
+            
+            # Choose a random neighbor that is not the previous vertex if possible
+            next_vertex = neighbors[torch.randint(0, len(neighbors), (1,)).item()]
+            path.append(next_vertex)
+            current_vertex = next_vertex
+        return path
+
+class HypercubeEmbeddingLayer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, num_raw_concepts, embedding_dim, hypercube_topology):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.raw_embedding_layer = nn.Embedding(num_raw_concepts, embedding_dim)
+        self.hypercube_topology = hypercube_topology
+        # Embeddings for hypercube vertices. The number of vertices is hypercube_topology.num_vertices
+        self.vertex_embeddings = nn.Embedding(hypercube_topology.num_vertices, embedding_dim)
+
+    def forward(self, concept_ids):
+        # Get initial embeddings for the input concept_ids
+        initial_embeddings = self.raw_embedding_layer(concept_ids) # (batch_size, embedding_dim)
+
+        # Find the nearest hypercube vertex for each initial embedding
+        
+        # Get all hypercube vertex embeddings
+        # Ensure all_vertex_ids are on the same device as concept_ids
+        all_vertex_ids = torch.arange(self.hypercube_topology.num_vertices, device=concept_ids.device)
+        all_vertex_embeddings = self.vertex_embeddings(all_vertex_ids) # (num_vertices, embedding_dim)
+
+        # Calculate squared Euclidean distance
+        # initial_embeddings_expanded: (batch_size, 1, embedding_dim)
+        # all_vertex_embeddings_expanded: (1, num_vertices, embedding_dim)
+        initial_embeddings_expanded = initial_embeddings.unsqueeze(1)
+        all_vertex_embeddings_expanded = all_vertex_embeddings.unsqueeze(0)
+
+        distances = torch.sum((initial_embeddings_expanded - all_vertex_embeddings_expanded)**2, dim=2) # (batch_size, num_vertices)
+
+        # Find the index of the nearest vertex for each initial embedding
+        nearest_vertex_indices = torch.argmin(distances, dim=1) # (batch_size,)
+
+        # Retrieve the embeddings of the nearest vertices
+        final_embeddings = self.vertex_embeddings(nearest_vertex_indices)
+
+        return final_embeddings
+
+
+class LongTermMemory(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, embedding_dim: int, max_memory_size: int = 1000, top_k_retrieval: int = 5):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
+        self.max_memory_size = max_memory_size
+        self.top_k_retrieval = top_k_retrieval
+
+        # Initialize an empty memory bank. We'll use a list of tensors for simplicity initially,
+        # but this could be replaced with a more efficient data structure or a learnable embedding layer.
+        self.memory_bank = []
+        self.memory_bank_tensor = None # Will store concatenated memories for efficient retrieval
+
+    def store(self, embedding: torch.Tensor):
+        # Store a new embedding in the memory bank
+        if len(self.memory_bank) >= self.max_memory_size:
+            # Simple FIFO eviction for now
+            self.memory_bank.pop(0)
+        self.memory_bank.append(embedding.detach().cpu()) # Store on CPU to save GPU memory
+        self.memory_bank_tensor = None # Invalidate cached tensor
+
+    def retrieve(self, query_embedding: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Retrieve top-k most similar embeddings from the memory bank
+        if not self.memory_bank:
+            return torch.zeros(query_embedding.shape[0], self.top_k_retrieval, self.embedding_dim, device=query_embedding.device)
+
+        if self.memory_bank_tensor is None:
+            self.memory_bank_tensor = torch.stack(self.memory_bank).to(query_embedding.device)
+
+        # Normalize query and memory bank for cosine similarity
+        query_norm = F.normalize(query_embedding, p=2, dim=-1)
+        memory_norm = F.normalize(self.memory_bank_tensor, p=2, dim=-1)
+
+        # Calculate cosine similarity
+        # query_norm: (batch_size, embedding_dim)
+        # memory_norm: (num_memories, embedding_dim)
+        # similarities: (batch_size, num_memories)
+        similarities = torch.matmul(query_norm, memory_norm.transpose(0, 1))
+
+        # Get top-k similar memories
+        # top_k_values: (batch_size, top_k_retrieval)
+        # top_k_indices: (batch_size, top_k_retrieval)
+        top_k_values, top_k_indices = torch.topk(similarities, min(self.top_k_retrieval, len(self.memory_bank)), dim=-1)
+
+        # Retrieve the actual embeddings
+        retrieved_memories = self.memory_bank_tensor[top_k_indices]
+
+        return retrieved_memories
+
+    def forward(self, query_embedding: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.retrieve(query_embedding)

nanochat/memetic_learning.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+class MemeticLearningLayer(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, config, abacus_encoder, internal_self_model):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.config = config
+        self.abacus_encoder = abacus_encoder
+        self.internal_self_model = internal_self_model
+
+        # Placeholder for memetic fitness evaluation mechanism
+        # This could be a simple linear layer or a more complex network
+        self.fitness_evaluator = nn.Linear(config.abacus_input_dim, 1)
+
+        # Placeholder for concept mapping expansion (analogy/metaphor)
+        # This might involve a transformation of embeddings or a retrieval mechanism
+        self.concept_mapper = nn.Sequential(
+            nn.Linear(config.n_embd * 2, config.n_embd), # Input: two concept embeddings
+            nn.ReLU(),
+            nn.Linear(config.n_embd, config.n_embd)
+        )
+
+    def evaluate_memetic_fitness(self, abacus_pattern: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Evaluate the fitness of a memetic pattern using the abacus encoder output
+        fitness_score = self.fitness_evaluator(abacus_pattern)
+        return fitness_score
+
+    def expand_concept_mapping(self, concept1_embedding: torch.Tensor, concept2_embedding: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # Expand concept mapping via analogy and metaphor
+        # This takes two concept embeddings and generates a new, related concept embedding
+        combined_concepts = torch.cat([concept1_embedding, concept2_embedding], dim=-1)
+        new_concept_embedding = self.concept_mapper(combined_concepts)
+        return new_concept_embedding
+
+    def forward(self, current_concept_embedding: torch.Tensor, abacus_pattern: torch.Tensor):
+        # Orchestrates the memetic learning process
+        # 1. Evaluate memetic fitness
+        fitness = self.evaluate_memetic_fitness(abacus_pattern)
+
+        # 2. Potentially update internal self-model based on fitness or new concepts
+        # self.internal_self_model.update_beliefs(current_concept_embedding) # Example interaction
+
+        # 3. Generate new concepts or analogies
+        # new_concept = self.expand_concept_mapping(current_concept_embedding, some_other_concept)
+
+        return fitness

nanochat/self_model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+
+class InternalSelfModel(nn.Module):
+    def __init__(self, embedding_dim: int, config):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embedding_dim = embedding_dim
+        self.config = config
+
+        # Placeholder for belief representation (e.g., a learned embedding or a set of parameters)
+        self.belief_embedding = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(embedding_dim))
+
+        # Placeholder for a simple prediction head to calculate prediction error
+        self.prediction_head = nn.Linear(embedding_dim, 1) # Predicts a scalar error signal
+
+        # Placeholder for conceptual growth mechanism (e.g., a small MLP or attention mechanism)
+        self.conceptual_growth_mlp = nn.Sequential(
+            nn.Linear(embedding_dim * 2, embedding_dim), # Input: current belief + new concept
+            nn.ReLU(),
+            nn.Linear(embedding_dim, embedding_dim)
+        )
+
+    def update_beliefs(self, current_concept_embedding: torch.Tensor):
+        # This method would update the internal belief representation based on new information.
+        # For now, a simple update rule (e.g., moving average or attention-based update)
+        # In a more advanced implementation, this could involve a recurrent neural network.
+        # Example: simple weighted average
+        alpha = 0.1 # Learning rate for belief update
+        self.belief_embedding.data = (1 - alpha) * self.belief_embedding.data + alpha * current_concept_embedding.mean(dim=0)
+
+    def calculate_prediction_error(self, predicted_output: torch.Tensor, actual_output: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # This method calculates the discrepancy between predicted and actual outcomes.
+        # For now, a simple mean squared error.
+        error = F.mse_loss(predicted_output, actual_output)
+        return error
+
+    def promote_conceptual_growth(self, current_belief_embedding: torch.Tensor, new_concept_embedding: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # This method facilitates the integration of new concepts into the existing conceptual framework.
+        # For now, a simple MLP that takes the concatenation of current belief and new concept.
+        combined_embedding = torch.cat([current_belief_embedding, new_concept_embedding], dim=-1)
+        updated_concept_embedding = self.conceptual_growth_mlp(combined_embedding)
+        return updated_concept_embedding
+
+    def forward(self, current_concept_embedding: torch.Tensor, predicted_output: torch.Tensor, actual_output: torch.Tensor):
+        # Update beliefs
+        self.update_beliefs(current_concept_embedding)
+
+        # Calculate prediction error
+        error = self.calculate_prediction_error(predicted_output, actual_output)
+
+        # Promote conceptual growth (example: using the current belief and concept embedding)
+        # This part would be more complex in a full implementation, potentially involving attention
+        # or other mechanisms to decide how to grow concepts based on error and new info.
+        # For demonstration, let's assume conceptual growth is triggered by new concept embeddings.
+        # updated_concept = self.promote_conceptual_growth(self.belief_embedding, current_concept_embedding)
+
+        return error, self.belief_embedding